Cultural Differences Related to International Business

Abstract Culture is a predominant social aspect of society, which guides the way people think and act in their environment. Culture develops differently for all the various nations of the world, and in the context of international business, the challenge that arises for today’s managers is managing across these varied cultures effectively enough to render positive growth and productivity for the business organization. The influential factors such as individualism versus collectivism and masculinity versus femininity amongst others help categorize and identify cultural differences. The manager of international business has to be well aware of these differences and show consideration and care in dealing with cultural disparities that may be†¦show more content†¦On the holistic perspective, the simplified idea to understand here is that business in itself is the interaction of different participants who are indulged in pooling their available resources and making a collaborative effort to channel their energies in an attempt to suffice an existing economic demand for a product or service in the market. These participants may have the same objective of gaining positive returns through business but, by being influenced by their respective cultures, attach different meanings to communication methods used in the process of conducting business. Thus, owed to cultural difference, the Styles of business may differ across cultures. This belief is further strengthened by survey done by Hofstede in the 1980’s, in which he took a global sample of thousands of employees and run some significant cultural tests to decipher any common differences amongst them. His conclusion was such that up to fifty percent of the business-related behavior of employees can easily be attributed to their cultural differences (Calvert, Lin and Martin, 2005). Culture and Communication Cultures are most evidently recognized through the process of communication. In the context of cultural influence, as explained by theorist Edward Hall, communication occurs at two unique levels, they are: High Context Communication In this form of communication the message is only worth delivering if the message carries with itShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Culture On International Marketing Communication1486 Words   |  6 PagesSUMMARY Cultural factors have long been known to impact the communication and success capability of competition in conducting worldwide business. The objective of this report is to recognize the importance of cultural factors occurring in marketing communications. 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Additionally, the report has produced the future way of cross-cultural management, including how it can be improved in offices relying much on this strategic approach. â€Æ' Diversity of Cross-Cultural Management Introduction In the beginning of globalization, organizations have started redefiningRead MoreCultural Influence on International Businesses1462 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Cultural Influence on International Businesses Touro University International Wendell K. Speegle MGT 501 Module One: The Nature of Organizations and the Contemporary Environment Dr. Donna DiMatteo Abstract Culture will play a major part in the dynamics of the way we operated in international business circles. Managers today will need special skills in order to meet these challenges. Language differences, culture awareness, and management skills are necessary for success. These challengesRead MoreThe Second Hofstede Cultural Dimension Compared : Individualism Vs. 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Wether a firm is expanding to another nation or uses imported goods, international business is always involved and will affect the business model. Factors that will affect and alter the international marketplace

Remember the Contributions of the First Sailors - 932 Words

â€Å"We must always remember with gratitude and admiration the first sailors who steered their vessels through storms and mists, and increased our knowledge of the land†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ronald Amundsen). Although not all explorers of the Pacific Northwest were sailors, all of them deserve to be honored because of the contribution their expeditions made to WA. The first non-Indians that came to the Pacific Northwest were most-likely from China or Japan and drifted ashore by accident. After them, came European explorers and later, American explorers who traveled for many reasons like to find the Northwest Passage or because they were sent to learn information about the mysterious land. Some famous explorers of the Pacific Northwest include Lewis Clark, who were sent by Thomas Jefferson, Vitus Berling, which proved that Asia America were separate continents, and Robert Gray who claimed the Oregon territory; explorers like these their expeditions helped shape Washington into what it is today. The explorers of the Pacific Northwest should be honored by having a monument built for them in their favor because they made several contributions to the development of Washington State, these contributions include making maps charts for the area, building forts, and bringing back detailed journals from (or of?) their expeditions To begin, one contribution explorers made for (or to?) Washington was making maps charts of the area, this was important because it helped later travelers find their wayShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Economics And Sexuality On Women s Life1376 Words   |  6 Pagesthis leads us into the first subtopic that will be discusses and that is industrial economy. Thus the industrial economy had a major effect on plenty of lives not just women but men as well. Therefore, with the opening of factories and more job opportunities for people, the roles of women began to take a turn. Thus meaning that women would be leaving the home and stepping into the work field. 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As the first part â€Å"Protocol Information† basically explains that Each year the Air Force and the Military hold a Military Ball (formal Dining Out) This event is a lot of fun, military personal attends wearing their dress uniform. wearing civilian attire will dressRead MoreThe Founding Fathers : Virginia1589 Words   |  7 Pagesviews between the colonies (Wills, Schlesinger 57-119). After graduation in 1771, Madison pursued a political career throughout the rest of the eighteenth century and most importantly, through the 1800s where he made he made his most significant contributions to the United States of America. James Madison’s career in the White House began when he was chosen as President Jefferson’s Secretary of State in 1800. His primary focus in this position was to carry out foreign policies through the State DepartmentRead MoreThe Poem I Am Gone 1525 Words   |  7 Pagesgone. Today, I am gone. There is no polite way to be human, really, and so I’ve given up on the quest for unconditional optimism. There is no constant glow radiating from my pores, the kind that women are somehow supposed to conjure up as their contribution to the world. My freckled, goose bumped legs are planted intently on splintered wood. I have a view of the next rundown building on the next barren lot, paint chipped not with nostalgia but with force. I often look past it, to what may followRead MoreWestern Women Who Travel By Sea2475 Words   |  10 Pagesoceans of the world, run by rugged, masculine sailors. The nineteenth century sailing vessel was definitely male dominated, but women were also contributing significantly to the maritime world, while at sea and also while on land. The sea has traditionally been interpreted as a domain for men, but women indeed did go to sea in many capacities: as stewardesses, â€Å"passengers, servants, wives, prostitutes, laundresses, cooks, and occasionally as sailors, serving aboard the naval, merchant, whaling,Read MoreThe Marine Corps Substance Abuse Program1673 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide a cookie-cutter solution that was hit or miss. As a result, I helped large number of Marines, but not all; although it may sound counterintuitive I remember the people I didn’t help more than ones I did. For example, the Lance Corporal that worked in the Education Office that had a drinking problem. He brought to my attention for the first time when his supervisor the Education Officer request I come visit his barracks room. The supervisor was responding to a complaint made about the smellRead MoreEssay On Christopher Columb us1530 Words   |  7 PagesHinga, Dinga, Durgen! 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Joan of Arc free essay sample

Joan of Arc Joan of Arc Thesis statement: Joan led a fascinating life and is one of the most heroic women in all of history: in her early years she struggled with being different, in her mid-life she was a military leader, and in the time of her death she was wrongly accused of something she had no part in. We will write a custom essay sample on Joan of Arc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page l. Introduction Child of God B. Teen Years 2. Visions A. Chinon 1 . Army Coming to an End B. Last Battle 2. Trial V. Conclusion A. Kindness to others 1 . Voices Ill. Young at War B. Battles 2. Orleans A. Coronation 1. Capture To the French, Joan of Arc is known as Jeanne DArc. Of her many names, she referred o herself as La Pucelle or the Maid. Joan led a fascinating life and is one of the most heroic women in all of history: in her early years she struggled with being different, in her mid-life she was a military leader, and in the time of her death she was wrongly accused of something she had no part in. Jeanne was born in the Barrois region of eastern France in the town of Domremy. She was born on January 6 of 1411 to the parents of Jacques Darc and Isabelle Romee. Her family was in the French peasant class, but highly religious. She was devoted to her catholic religion, and was often looked down upon by other children. Jeanne was very kind to the poor, she would give money, and even give up her bed to guest. One remarkable feature about Jeanne was that sne snared common characteristics witn ner contemporary female visionaries, who were held at a high honor. These include: extreme piety, claims of direct communication with the saints and a reliance on individual experience, as opposed to that found through the institutions of the church of the presence of God (St. Joan of Arc). Historians believe Jeanne was around twelve or thirteen when she began to hear voices. They claimed to be the voices of the saints Michael, Catherine and Margaret. In her younger years, they simply said things such as, be a good girl, and go to church often. When Jeanne was seventeen, the voices began giving her detailed instructions. The first was to go to Chinon and speak with the dauphin Charles. In May of 1428, Jeanne traveled to Vancouleurs and asked to join the dauphin and his cause, but was turned away. On her third trip to ask permission, she was finally allowed to go to Chinon (Pickles 21-25). After reaching Chinon, Jeanne waited two days to meet with Charles. Upon their first meeting, Charles tested Jeanne to see if God was really with her. Jeanne had never seen the dauphin before; therefore, the room full of people were shocked with the results. Charles had dressed one of his guards in his clothing, and he stood in the crowd with three hundred others. Jeanne did not go to the man dressed as the dauphin; instead she walked to Charles and fell to her knees (Pickles 25-30). She was then examined by leading churchmen for three weeks. They then accepted that God was with her and tell Charles to use her services. Jeanne is promptly named Chief of War (Pickles 25-30) (Gascoigne). At the time of Jeannes birth, France and England had a truce. England ttacked and invaded France in August of 1415; which began the Hundred Years War. England got a heavy lead due to Frances lack of king. There was some question of Charles paternity. Both he and Henry VI claimed to be the heir to the throne. Henry was the young King of England who had allied with the Burgundians. He controlled the entire northern half of France, including Reims, where all kings are crowned. If Charles wanted to be king, he had to be anointed with the sacred oil from Sainte Amboute in Reims (Gascoigne) (St. Joan of Arc). One of Jeannes first moves as Chief of War was to reform the army. She banished and expelled all prostitutes, and made the soldiers go to church and confess. As a result, the soldiers gave up their old habits of swearing, looting, and harassing civilian population (Williamson). When Jeanne was seventeen, she set to lift the siege at Orleans.

Of Plymouth Plantation and the Interesting Narrative free essay sample

The writings of both authors, William Bradford and Aloud Quinoa, are very important, because they show us first and accounts of their ideas and horrors. In the story Of Plymouth Plantation, William Bradford showed how Puritans could overcome obstacles in many quotes in this story. Being thus arrived in good harbor, and brought safe to land, they fell upon their knees and blessed the God of Heaven who brought them over the vast and furious ocean, and delivered them from all the perils and miseries thereof, again to set their feet on the firm and stable earth Is just one quote that revealed how the Puritans looked to God to overcome these obstacles (pigs. 30-31). Many believed that all the obstacles were all to Gods will and everything was happening for a reason. Believing that everything was to Gods will made it easier to except all their misfortunes of all the events happening in America. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Plymouth Plantation and the Interesting Narrative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page God affected everyone in a different way. Quinoa tells us that he was the son of a chief, and that at about the age of eleven he and his sister were kidnapped while out playing, and were marched to the coast and put on board a slave ship. Quinoa then endured the middle passage on a slave ship bound for the New World. Bradford and Quinoa both have many similarities. To begin with, both of them leave a country for a specific reason.Bradford leaves his country, England, to escape religious prosecution and Quinoa leaves America to void discrimination and becoming a slave again. Bradford left his country roots to traveled to Holland, before sailing to the New World and helping establish a Plymouth Colony for English Puritans. According to Elements, when Quinoa bought his freedom he left America to forget his slavery horrors that had happened there. Secondly, Bradford and Quinoa married Englishmen. Bradford marries twice.His first wife, Dorothy, felled from the Mayflowers deck and drowned during the voyage While having many similarities, Bradford and Quinoa also had many differences. For example, their reason to go to America, the New World. Quinoa had no choice, he was forced to go. At 11 he was kidnapped into domestic slavery. He was held captive in West Africa for seven months and then sold to British slavers, who shipped him to Barbados and took him to Virginia. Bradford wasnt forced, he was seeking for a religious settlement.

Philippine literature (ppt) Flashcard

Philippine literature (ppt)

Prepetit Week 4 Paper

Prepetit Week 4 Paper Prepetit Week 4 Paper Performance Management Plan xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx HRM/531 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, 2015 Performance Management Plan Landslide Limousine Vision To be the top provider of stellar customer service in transportation within Austin, Texas. Landslide Limousine Mission To provide safe, reliable, and courteous transportation to the public, while seeing each ride through the passenger's eyes. Landslide Limousines is a new transportation company in the region of Austin, Texas; with the potential to make a significant impact on the market. Given the proper organizational business strategy and performance management framework, Atwood and Allen Consulting are confident in the ability to meet and surpass the organization's goals for annual revenue; while minimizing employee turnover. This goal will be accomplished by implementing the subsequent performance management plan. This plan is rooted in the formation and belief in the company's vision and mission statement. Building a place in the transportation industry is dependent on the creation and implementation of strategic goals with regard to employee performance. An in depth job analysis will determine performance indicators and targets, to lead the organization to success. While success will not be immediate, Atwood and Allen is confident that the recommended system for employee appraisals and continuous feedback will fost er professional growth. As employees grow professionally, the will be more capable of meeting the organization's strategic goals and thus; supporting the vision and mission of Landslide Limousines. Business Strategy whereas Landslide Limousines is dedicated to providing vehicles at no cost to the chauffeurs. The end goal is to take part-time employees and encourage them to turn a "job" into a "career." The performance management framework is directly aligned with the business strategy as it supports the implementation of the organization's goals and ongoing training for employee's, in order to help sustain professional growth. This too, will support the goal discussed in recent communication, of maintaining a maximum employee turnover rate of 10%. While Atwood and Allen is not in the business of micromanaging employees, we certainly account for "what types of training seem to yield positive outcomes for organizations and trainees (i.e. what works); how to identify if training is needed and, if so, what type of training best fits the needs

Internet as a Waste of Time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet as a Waste of Time - Essay Example Most people without internet are not able to receive news on time, and the much they receive compared to the amount accessed in the internet is very little. Most researchers, apart from their field or laboratory work, acquire statistics and facts via the internet. On the other hand, students, lecturers and persons get lots of information that they need easily from the internet instead of consuming much time in libraries searching for their preferred piece of work. Thus, from the internet, information access is easy hence saving time. Currently, businesses conduct their activities through the internet. This helps them save a lot of time. The major improvement in the business world is the online buying and selling of goods and services. For instance, boutiques display their products online using their blogs and interested customers shop online. This saves on time as in normal cases; customers are required to go to the boutiques to shop. Interviews in most businesses have gone online wh ereby the interviewees send their CVs and related documents hence the interviews take place. Therefore, much time consumption reduces. Internet use boosts Self-development. People are able to share their ideas and talents largely via internet. Talented individuals display their work in audio, video and written forms. They develop their talents and boost their esteem through the positive criticism they receive, for example like and comments. Civic awareness is important for all individuals and is widely gained through the internet. Civilization of individuals is automatic for internet users thus saving time on awareness campaigns. Internet sites enhance making friends, a major part of everyone, for example twitter. (Mark, 2006) in his article- â€Å"Scientists: Internet, Chat rooms Good for Teenagers.† published in the London Times quoted, â€Å"Regular users of teen chat rooms tend to be more engaged with their communities than the rest of their age group, and their online i dentities play an important role in the self-discovery of adolescence, researchers said† (Ward, 2008). The internet serves as a tool for communication. There are many internet sites for communication today such as facebook, twitter, my space and many more. Users reach each other both locally and internationally easily through the internet. This mode of communication saves money, as these sites are very cheap to access. Time is also highly saved, as the internet is fast and highly effective. For instance electronic mails.†The internet is not diminishing community activity, but simply transferring it to online communities.† (Justine, 2001), a professor of communication studies at Northwestern University said this. Internet is the utmost source of entertainment globally. Internet users access different forms of entertainment such as, music, movies, games and other exciting activities. People save time as people do not have to wait for the release of tangible forms of entertainment, that is compact discs, DVDs etc (Solove, 2007). The youth especially do not need to go out to dance clubs, cinema theatres, frequently to get entertained as internet offers them the source for their preferred choices. The use of internet has reduced manual labor force for many companies and industries. Hiring many employees is now an outdated practice thus saving time for interviews and money that used to pay the workers. Politically, online voting has reduced time wastage for both the government

Case Assignment for Opt-e-Scrip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Assignment for Opt-e-Scrip - Essay Example 1) Pharmaceutical companies: they want drugs to be rolled out in market with a big bang. They want huge marketing campaigns to surround the drug in order for it to be profitable. Nothing wrong in it, but with serious doubts on drug efficacy and serious issue of low drug response makes the prices of branded drugs unjustified. Companies will want to see this product sidelined as this poses a serious threat to their business plans. 2) Wholesalers: they are not so concerned with OES products and not directly affected. But if our products go global and create a wide spread impact even the wholesalers will be affected as majority of its business comes from selling high priced branded drugs. 3) Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBM): they are the ones who will be certainly affected by OES products. They are the ones who list down the products under the benefit plan and hence the pharma co. gets business. They also get commission and under the table benefits in cash and kind for including costly br anded drugs. PBM might not want our drug to go global. Only 4 PBMs control more than 50% of drug market which means they have an immense power over the drug industry, its prices and policies. 4) Retail pharmacies: their involvement in the whole drug distribution market was important but the effect of OES will not be as intense. They sell generic and branded products and rely upon their margins and some incentives of selling branded drugs. If they are not able to sell a lot of branded products, they can diversify and sell many other related products. Only the large retails pharmacy chains which are also PBMs might be affected by PMT. 5) Health insurance carriers: many are a part of PBM or outsourced to them and few have their own PBM service in-house. They work in very close coordination with PBMs. It is good for health insurance companies to actually see OES products do well so that it saves on the payouts to people who claim benefit from them. If we try to seek their support for OE S and keep them as confederates it will help us. 6) Employers: one leads to another, a cascading effect where employers and payers can play a big role. Employer can use health insurers who use such PBMs who support our products and hence create a win win for overall benefit of society. 7) Physicians: they are one of the key. Though the plan surrounding them failed once, OES should not be let down by it. There is scope to win their support and make OES products a hit. 8) Consumers: they are the one who are the key beneficiaries of the whole OES campaign to introduce PMT. If a wide spread public support is seeked it will help OES reinforce the concept for the drug industry. Analysis of Industry The industry is more complex than it appears. You are the best person to realize this fact and know first hand how tough it was to introduce this revolutionary product in drug market. As shown in the Appendix: The pharmaceutical drug market, physical drug distribution and benefit distribution a re two interconnected channels which operate in the country. OES should consciously target the benefit distribution because that is where the key critical decisions are taken which impacts the cost of drug delivery to the end user. This is where the decision of inclusion and non inclusion of branded patented drugs vs. generic drug is taken. Pharmaceutical industries are using three distinct strategies to

Tetracycline Antibiotics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tetracycline Antibiotics - Essay Example Chlortetracycline was the first compound from this class which was successfully used to treat diseases of bacterial origin. They are one of the most widely used classes of antibiotics today and several thousand of varieties have been synthesized till date (Aleksandrov & Simonson, 2008). Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline are obtained from Streptomyces Aure-Facie ns and Streptomyces rumors respectively (Goodman & Gilman, 2001). Other semi synthetic tetracyclines are Tetracycline, Methacycline, Doxycycline, and Minocycline.All tetracyclines are congeners of polycyclic naphthalene carboxamide and chemical substituents and their position determine the type of tetracycline (Goodman & Gilman, 2001). Chemically Tetracyclines are polyketides and comprise of a naphthacene ring structure (Thiele-Bruhn, 2003). They are amphoteric compounds and are relatively stable in acids. They are sparingly water soluble while the solubility of corresponding hydrochlorides is much higher. They strongly ab sorb light and are therefore subject to photodegradation.Tetracyclines are basically bactericidal in action and do so by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis (Goodman & Gilman, 2001). They do so by binding to the 30 S bacterial ribosome, thereby preventing access of aminoacyl tRNA to the acceptor site on the mRNA-ribosome complex. The active transport system found in the bacterial cells enhances the passage of the tetracyclines into them by the process of passive diffusion through the hydrophilic channels.

Dualism And Dualistic Interactionism

Dualism And Dualistic Interactionism Dualism was believed to approach by Pythagoras nearly 6th Century B.C.E. Pythagoras believe on transmigration of soul-means that when a person died, the soul is immortal and bound to divide soul. However , Pythagorass theory is not likely famous during that time. Later, Plato shows the disjunctive between mind and body. Plato think that body is like a prison used to trap mind/soul. After death, the body decompose because it was made of material while soul/mind is immortal. This shows that body and mind is two separated things. Dualism that famously used nowadays came from the famous philosopher and mathematician, Rene Descartes.It is also known as the beginning of modern philosophy. Rene introduced two main subject for dualism which are substance and property. In order to understand dualism,several argument were rised.One particular argument is dualistic interactionism which known ascommon sense.Descartes stated the point of interaction is something connected mind/soul to body is at pineal gland of brain.However,the soul is not likely trap at pineal glad,it only act as point of interaction.Mind is real but it is different from brain.. The brain is the major locus for the mind or consciousness of the soul, yet mind or consciousness is distributed throughout the whole body.But the function of pineal gland as point of interaction has been proved as wrong by scientifically method.Pineal gland function to secrete serotonin derivative melatonin(hormone use to modulate sleep and wake patterns and seasonal function).There are no evidence to associate mind/soul to body.This is making interactionism as a weak argument to defend dualism. Another argument is mind is the immortal soul.Many religion like Islam and Christian teach that soul is different from our body.When we died ,the soul is immortal and will go to heaven or hell.This argument is similar to Platos approach.Thats why platonic dualism are well accepted in Christian . The third argument is ,if dualism is false,we can reduce mind/mental states to physical matter or vice versa,or to neutral third substance.However,it was impossible to change your mental states to matter.For example if we feel anger towards someone,can you made your feeling into concrete object?of course not.Thats why this argument is commonly used to convince people about dualism.However,this argument can be critise for the lackness of imagination.In imagination we think about something then we made it into some physical things. The last argument is mental states(mind) and physical(body)have different and irreconcilable properties. First point for this judgement is mental states cannot be publically observable.For example ,I fall from stairs and hurt my head.We can see the effect of fallness because the bump in my head but you cannot feel the pain I suffered.Thats why mental states is private unlike physical things such as fireworks and cannot be publically observable. Next is mental states is not spatially located .Many experiment been conducted but scientist still cannot proved where mind located ,either inside or outside of the brain.Pretending that you are feeling happy.Does you feel happy in your head or the happiness is spread throughout your body?So,where exactly your mind?Third point is mental states does not have properties as physical.As example our body have mass and can do physical motion.We can not weigh a thought and we cannot measure how far our feeling can go.Some people stated that they have depthness of feeling but,how can they measure the depthness?Fourth,mental states have subjective properties(Qualia)that physical do not have.Qualia is raw feels .It is a subjective or qualitative properties of our experience.It is like how to know what is red color or how to differentiate musical notes heard from piano or violin. It is impossible to reduced Qualia into physical properties. So there are at least four major differences between the mental and the physical, which make it difficult, to say the least, to understand how one might reduce the mental to the physical. That seems to give us considerable reason to think that the mind and the body are two totally different categories of being. So,this is a good argument for dualism. In this philosophy of mind, dualism is different kinds of mental events and physical events in a set of beginning of belief in which they were claimed. Instead of that, the dualist in the philosophy of mind had identified the big difference between mind and matter. They all disagree that the mind is the same as the brain. While others also deny that the mind is the only one the product of the brain. The concept of this dualism is that our mind is more than our brain. It can contain everything in our surrounding. This concept tells us that our mind has a non-material which is spiritual dimension that includes consciousness and possibly an eternal attribute or we can call that as motivation. In order to understand this concept is we have to consider ourselves first as a container which is including our physical body and physical brain together with a separate non-physical mind, spirit, soul, motivation and so on. The mind, spirit, or soul is considered the conscious part that manifests itself through the brain. In a similar way where the picture and sound waves manifest themselves through a television set. These waves of picture and sound are also known as no -material just like the mind, spirit, or soul. There are many types of dualism that are distinguished based on if and how mind and matter are thought to each other together with its own functionality. Thus, this dualism can be divided into two which is substance and property dualist. Substance dualists typically argue that there are difference matters in our mind and body where the mind is a thinking thing is less exposed to the physical of an object. The physical objects are including size, shape, location, volume, speed and direction in movement, adherence to the laws of physics, and so on. However, substance dualists fall into several groups depending on how they think the connection of mind and body are related. For instances, interactionists believe that minds and bodies can affect to each other. Occasionalists and parallelists, generally motivated by a concern to their curiosity of physical science. But this is denied because all apparent interaction to God is ultimately attributing.Epiphenomenalists offer a compromise theory, asserting that bodily events can have mental events as effects at the same time denying that the reverse is true. This can be done by avoiding any threat to the scientific law of conservation of energy at the expense of the common sen se notion that we act for reasons. The occasionalism and parallelism are another two types of substance dualist. These theories are largely preserved or are taken from the original of history. The occasionalist mentioned that there are no interactin between mind and body mind. They may seem to when, for example, we put our hand above the hot kettle then the hot and distressing sensation occurs. Occassionalists, like Malebranche, assert that the sensation is caused by God where God create appropriate experiences and feeling by using the occasion of environmental happenings. Furthermore, according to the parallelist, our mental and physical histories are coordinated so that mental events appear to cause physical events (and vice versa) by virtue of their temporal conjunction, but mind and body no more interact than two clocks that are synchronized so that the one chimes when hands of the other point out the new hour. Since this fantastic series of harmonies could not possibly be due to mere coincidence, so it is advanced in explanation of religion. In creation God does not appeared continuously, just like the occasionalist had mentioned, but builds into creation a pre-established harmony which is we programmed ourselves that maximally removes the need for future impact. Next, another dualism is property dualism which is that mental states are irreducible attributes of brain states and it holds that mental phenomena are non-physical properties of physical substances. Consciousness is the most widely known as an example of a non-physical property of physical substances. However, other dualists hold that mental states, characteristic and episodes are brain states, even the states cannot be conceptualized in exactly the same way without loss of meaning. According to epiphenomenalism, mental events can build bodily events or processes, but bodily events or processes cannot caused by mental phenomena (McLaughlin, p. 277) whether an epiphenomenalist thinks these mental epiphenomena are properties of the body or properties of a non-physical mental storage determines whether the epiphenomenalist is a property or substance dualist. They are many psychology principle that had been discuss today. For example, functionalism, dualism, mongolism. All this principle had their own explanations and their own believe about the life and the things that related to life. But, for my group opinion, the most suitable and the nearest principle that can get along with life. human body actually had two things, that is body and mind. This two things react with each other simultaneously to create the most complicated and perfect things, that is life to run smoothly. Dualism can be prove to be nearly correct because it has implications that related to life after death issues. This is because, after we die, we will going to had our life after death, and many religion in this world was practicing the same things. After we die, our soul will separated from our body, and will live the life after the death. So, the life after death is based on judgment on how we operate or run our life before. Besides that, nobody in this world can ret ain or can resist death. Everybody will die, and nobody had the immortal. So, this prove that dualism concept was the most or nearly precise principle that can be related to life. Apart from that, human rationality in the terms of thinking was also an implication that can be used to prove that dualism principle was true. Physical forces was something that play an importance role in peoples thought judgment. If there is no soul, instead, there is only had body, they will be no believe or not believe for something that is not real-abstract. For example, the galaxy had seven layer, and god is actually exist . on the other hand, if our body had only self-refuting left, there will be no room for rational beliefs. British study had published that there is evidence that consciousness continues after a persons brain stopped. The most shocking prove was that actually death support the dualism . the brain still run the function of lucid thought with formation and reasoning of memory. Besides, there are also patience that admit that they had gain information that they had never knew it before. Brain was also being proved that had no place where electric stimulation can cause a person to believe or decide. This was proved by doing interviewed to sixty three heart attack victims who were declared death. Roger sperry and hiks team had studied difference between right and left hemisphrere of the brain, and they had founf that mind had causal power independent of the brain activities. This is why, materialism was concluded to be false by sperry. Actually, thought had two component, that is mind and brain. This can be said to be true because thoughts can be true or false, however, brain staes itself cannot be true or false. So, how on earth can we think in our everyday life about right or wrong? This can be the obvious prove to prove that dualism was the most precise principle exist-yet. Besides that, by measuring brain waves, nobody can tell we what are we thinking. Instead, we must been ask about what had been thinking first, then everybody will knows. That is why the dualism principle was chosen to be most or nearest precise principle that can be adapt to our life as it had two component that work and react simultaneously to complete the cycle that we called life and it was also true to be said that life or mind body actually had two component, that is body and soul.

Tennysons Use of Landscape as an Indication of Mood :: essays research papers

Tennyson’s poetry is renowned for reflecting a penetrating introspection and meditative expressiveness unsurpassed by other poets of his time. His explorations into a vast breadth of topics ranging from the political to the deeply personal reflect his multifarious enthusiasms, and his ability to reach out to his readers as well as probe the depths of psychological expression. ‘The Lady of Shalott’ and ‘Mariana’, two of his earliest poems, exemplify this ability to communicate internal states of mind through his use of scenery. Although Tennyson’s use of landscape indeed creates a strong vivid impression, I feel that it also serves a higher purpose: namely, to express the psychological state and mood depicted in the protagonists of the poems. As a child Tennyson was profoundly influenced by the poetry of Byron and Scott, Romantic poets celebrated for their presentations of emotional or psychological issues through natural imagery. This influence can be plainly seen in his poetry, none so much so as in ‘Mariana’ where he uses Keatsian descriptions of the surroundings to describe a woman’s state of mind. The subject of this poem is drawn from a line in Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure: ‘‘Mariana in the moated grange.’’ This describes a young woman waiting for her lover Angelo, who has abandoned her upon the loss of her dowry. From the outset Tennyson creates an impression of profound disrepair and decrepitude, the ‘sheds’ are left broken and abandoned, the thatch is ‘worn’ and covered in weeds. Everything is coated in rust, moss or dust, unmoving, inactive and still. This strong suggestion of stagnation recurs throughout, and is emphasized by the refrain of the poem: ‘She only said, ‘My life is dreary, He cometh not,’ she said, She said, ‘I am aweary, aweary, I would that I were dead!’ This acts almost as a confirmation of what the reader already suspects, that Mariana has been abandoned and the ‘grange’ with her, and expresses continuity without hope of change. His use of adjectives such as ‘lonely’, ‘ancient’, ‘level’ and ‘old’ throughout the poem poignantly express disrepair and isolation. This sense of dormancy Tennyson depicts draws a direct correlation with the psychological state of mind expressed in Mariana. He uses her surroundings to echo the fact that she is left in a constant state of perpetual, isolated brooding and that through her dejection all she sees appears equally miserable and ‘dreary’.

How does Steinbeck create tension in Section 5? Essay

Steinbeck creates tension in Section 5 through sound and emotion. While Lennie was in the barn minding his own business, panicking about killing the puppy, Curley’s wife entered. _†She came very quietly so that Lennie didn’t see her†_ this makes the reader feel worried as to why she came in so soundlessly, and question to if she is up to something. When Lennie and her get into a conversation, she begins to grow very angry at Lennie as he mentions that he isn’t allowed to talk to her because of orders he had been given, and when her emotion does suddenly turn to this, it makes you feel sorry for Lennie, and the tension builds as the reader doesn’t know how much she will lash out. It is very well described that whenever the clang of horseshoes from outside the barn from the other men playing a game, the entire barn goes silent. No matter what conversation Lennie and Curley’s wife are having, they instantly go quiet. This separates the reader and character from the barn to make them acknowledge the outside world. Curleys wife soon comes to know that Lennie likes feeling textures, and so tells him to stroke her hair for it is very soft†¦ This makes the reader worry as to previous knowledge of Lennie and the girl in weed. When Curleys wife starts to get angry as he is messing up her hair, he panics and holds on tighter. _†Lennie’s fingers closed on her hair and hung on†_ This makes the reader feel sorry for Curleys wife as most people know how painful it is when someone pulls on your hair, also the fact Lennie is very strong. _†She struggled violently under his hands† â€Å"Her body flopped like a fish. And then she was still, for Lennie has broken her neck†_ When the reader realises she is dead it causes them to worry for not only Curleys wife but for Lennie as he didn’t kill her intentionally and he could get into a lot of trouble for it. _†For the first time, Lennie became conscious of the outside†_ this shows how  terrified Lennie really is as he is always in his own little world and it is clearly shown throughout the book that he never takes notice of what others are doing and only what he wants to do†¦ When he remembers what George told him about hiding in the bush if he gets in trouble, it makes the reader hope he has a chance and that George will remember to go and find him there. The way Steinbeck uses description also causes a lot of tension for the reader. _†It was very quiet in the barn†_ as Curley’s wife is dead it blends in with the atmosphere of what has happened. When candy and George are talking in the barn and have realised what has happened, it is all very tense then as well as the reader is so desperate to know what is going to happen. â€Å"Outside the noise of the game stopped. There was a rise of voices in question, a drum of running fee and the men burst into the barn.† During the time of all the men being in the barn, George was quite quiet, he never usually is. Usually he is cursing and being moody, this shows the readers he is worried and not feeling his usual self. â€Å"I’m gonna shoot the guns outta that big bastard myself† Knowing that lots of men want to kill Lennie creates a lot of tension as the reader doesn’t know whether they will be able to or not†¦ In conclusion, Steinbeck uses emotions and sounds to create the tension made in Section 5.

What Is (and Isnt) on the AP Statistics Formula Sheet

What Is (and Isn't) on the AP Statistics Formula Sheet SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're going to be taking the AP Statistics exam, you're in luck! During the test, you'll have access to a formula sheet that has many useful equations. However, you need to know exactly what's on the AP Statistics formula sheet and how to use it before test day in order for it to be helpful. In this guide, we go over everything you need to know about the AP Stats formula sheet. We'll explain the exact equations that it includes, show you what the formula sheet looks like, go over a few important equations it doesn't contain, and give you tips on how to get the most out of it. What's on the AP Statistics Formula Sheet? The AP Stats formula sheet is actually three pages of statistics formulas that you'll be given on test day. The formulas will be at the beginning of both the multiple-choice and free-response sections of the test, so you'll have access to them for the entire AP exam. That's great because that means you don't need to memorize any of these formulas! What's on this AP statistics cheat sheet? You can see exactly what the formula sheet will look like here as well as below. The formula sheet has three sections, and each section takes up one page. Below are screenshots of the formula sheet, along with a list of the equations it includes (ordered from the top of the sheet to the bottom of the last page). Descriptive Statistics Formulas Sample mean Sample standard deviation Pooled sample standard error Simple linear regression line Regression coefficient Regression slope intercept Sample correlation coefficient Regression coefficient Standard error of regression slope Probability Formulas Rule of addition Rule of multiplication Expected value of $X$ Variance of $X$ Binomial formula Mean of binomial distribution Standard deviation of binomial distribution Mean of sampling distribution of the proportion Standard deviation of sampling distribution of the proportion Mean of sampling distribution of the mean Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean Inferential Statistics Formulas Standardized test statistic Confidence interval Standard deviation of sample mean Standard deviation of proportion Standard deviation of difference of sample means Standard deviation of difference of sample proportions Chi-square test statistic What Isn't on the AP Statistics Reference Sheet That You Should Know? The AP Statistics formula sheet contains pretty much all the equations you need to know for the exam, but there are some equations they've left out that may come in handy on test day. Below are the most important of these. Be sure to memorize them because they won't be listed on the AP Stats formula sheet! Descriptive Statistics Interquartile Range The interquartile range, or IQR, is the middle 50% of values when ordered from lowest to highest. The IQR is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles, or the first quartile subtracted from the third quartile. The IQR is used to show dispersion, and it can be a useful way to describe the data in boxplots, histograms, scatterplots, etc. The equation is IQR = Q3-Q1 You can also use IQR to determine if an outlier exists. A commonly used formula is if a data point is more than $\bo 1.5*$IQR above Q3 or below Q1, then it's an outlier. Residuals The residual (e) is the difference between the observed value of the dependent variable ($y$) and the predicted value ($Ã… ·$). It's used in regression analysis. Each data point has one residual. The formula looks like this: $\bi e \bo= \bi y \bo - \bi Ã… ·$ Both the sum of the residuals and the mean of the residuals are equal to zero, or $ÃŽ £ e = 0$ and $e = 0$. Probability Bayes' Theorem Bayes' theorem is useful for calculating conditional probabilities. You'll use conditional probability when trying to find the probability of an event given that another event has already occurred. Conditional probability questions usually follow a format similar to "Given $x$, what is the probability that $y$ occurs?" Use Bayes' theorem to solve them. Bayes' Theorem: $P(A | B) = {P(B | A) * P(A)}/{P(B)}$ Tips for Getting the Most out of the AP Stats Formula Sheet As you can see, the AP Statistics formula sheet can be very useful during the exam since it helps you avoid memorizing long lists of equations. There are some tips to getting the most out of it though, and we go over the three most important in this section. #1: Know How to Use the Formulas It seems like obvious advice, but it's very easy to take a glance at the AP Statistics cheat sheet and move on, knowing you'll have it with you on the test. However, test day is not when you want to be trying to understand what the different formulas mean or how to use them. If you go into the AP exam not sure of what's on the formula sheet, you'll lose tons of valuable time searching for the right equations and struggling with how to use them properly. Well before exam day, be sure to go through every formula on the sheet and make sure you understand it and know how to use it. The College Board includes each of these formulas because they think they're necessary for doing well on the AP Statistics exam, so you should trust them and make sure you know them! If you're not sure how to use some of the equations, here's a helpful site that goes over what each of the formulas is used for. #2: Know Calculator Shortcuts You're allowed a graphing calculator for the entire exam, and you should take advantage of some of the nifty things it does. Calculator shortcuts can save you precious time on the test by quickly solving certain AP Statistics equations and finding pieces of data. They also give you a way to check your work for some problems. Stanford has a handy list of calculator shortcuts you can use with your graphing calculator. There are two caveats though. First, don't become so dependent on your calculator that you forget how to solve the equations on your own or the logic behind them. Second, you should use calculator shortcuts primarily for the multiple-choice section of the test, where you just have to select the correct answer choice. For the free-response section of the exam, you'll need to show all the work you did for each question, and simply writing which shortcut you plugged into your calculator won't cut it. Use the shortcuts primarily to check your work on free response. #3: Take Practice Tests With the Formula Sheet Answering practice questions and taking practice tests using the AP Statistics formula sheet is also key to doing well on the exam. You should take several practice AP tests before the actual exam, and for each of them you should use the official AP Statistics formula sheet. Your teacher will also likely give you a copy of the formula sheet for your in-class exams, so you can get some practice in there too. If you need help finding practice tests, check out our guide specifically on where to find the best AP Statistics practice questions and tests. Summary: Using the AP Statistics Formula Sheet The AP Statistics reference sheet can be a big help during the exam, but only if you already know what's on it and how to use it. The formula sheet is actually three pages that contain useful equations in descriptive statistics, probability, and inferential statistics. While this AP Statistics cheat sheet doesn't contain everything you need to know, it does include many key AP Statistics equations that you'll need to use on the test. In order to get the most out of your AP Stats formula sheet, make sure you know all the formulas, pick up some useful calculator shortcuts, and be sure to take some practice tests with the AP Statistics reference sheet. What's Next? Looking for more AP Statistics prep? Check out our ultimate guide to the AP Statistics exam to learn everything you need to know to ace the test. How's your grasp on calculating significance? Brush up on your t-tests and how to calculate statistical significance here. Practice tests are key to preparing for AP Statistics. Our guide has links to all the best AP Stats practice tests so you can put your formula sheet to use! How many AP classes should you take? Get your answer based on your interests and your college goals. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

7 Most Common SAT Math Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

7 Most Common SAT Math Mistakes and How to Avoid Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips I spent several years tutoring students in SAT Math, and many found the section frustrating. The first test-takers for the new SAT in March felt the same. Some struggled because they felt their strong suit was English and were irkedby the content, mental math, and the pacing of SAT Math. Others found that although they considered themselvesexcellent math students, they struggled to finish and get the score they want. No matter what group theyfell into, students tended to make the same seven mistakes on the SAT Math section. In this guide, I’ll tell you what those mistakes are, give you examples, and let you know to avoid making these mistakes in the future. Mistake 1: You Didn’t Write Out All of the Steps Some students hate writing out their work for math problems.I know; I'mone of them.Trust me, while SAT Math problems may look simple since they only require you to know basic math topics (i.e. no advanced calculus), these problems are actually quite intricate, requiring you to go through many steps to get the correct answer. If you don’t write out all of these steps, you can accidentally end up with the wrong answer.This is especially important in the non-calculator section where you’re not able to rely on a calculator to help you find the correct answer. Together, we’ll work through this no-calculator SAT Math question and write out all of the steps: To determine what the price per pound of beef was when it was equal to the price per pound of chicken, you need to first find the value of $x$ (the number of weeks after July 1) when the two prices were equal.The prices were equal when $b=c$; that is, when $2.35+0.25x=1.75+0.40x$. $$2.35+0.25x=1.75+0.40x$$ You can find the value of x by reducing. $$2.35(−1.75)+0.25x=1.75(−1.75)+0.40x$$ $$0.6+0.25x=0.40x$$ $$0.6+0.25x(−0.25x)=0.40x(−0.25x)$$ $$0.60=0.15x$$ $$x={0.60}/{0.15}=4$$ Then, to determine b, the price per pound of beef, substitute 4 for $x$ in b=$2.35+0.25x$, which gives $b=2.35+0.25(4)=3.35$ dollars per pound. Therefore, D is the correct answer. When I initially attempted this problem, I didn't write anything down, and I accidentally added 1.75 to 2.35 instead of subtracting 1.75 from 2.35. Therefore, I got the wrong value for $x$, 27.33. Thankfully, when I plugged that into $b=2.35+0.25x$, I found thatmy answer wasn't one of the answer choices, so I caught my mistake. However, I'm lucky because I would have answered incorrectly otherwise. You don't want to miss questions because you didn’t write out all of the steps.This is arguably the easiest mistake to fix.Write out all your steps, and you’ll never accidentally get a question wrong because you skipped a step! Mistake 2: You Forgot Formulas The SAT gives you some formulas at the start of each Math section.However, the College Board doesn’t provide you with all of the formulas you need to know to answer every question in the SAT Math section. Luckily, here at PrepScholar, we’ve created a complete list of all the formulas you need to know for SAT Math.Create flashcards to help you memorize these formulas.However, memorizing alone is not enough.If you have the formulas memorized, but don’t know how to use the formulas, they’re useless to you. The best way to practice using formulas is to do as many SAT Math problems as you can. Let's work through this SAT Math question that you couldn’t answer without knowing formulas and how to apply them: If you didn't have your trigonometry formulas memorized (SOHCAHTOA), you would have no idea how to answer this question. It's impossible to answer this question without at least knowing the formulas for the sine and cosineof an angle. Memorizing formulas is not only necessary to answer certain questions correctly, but it can also be a time-saving shortcut. If you were a formula whiz and knewthe complementary angle relationship for sine and cosine, which is $sin(x °)=cos(90 °Ã¢Ë†â€™x °)$, you'd know immediately that the answer is $cos(90 °Ã¢Ë†â€™x °)={4}/{5}$ or $0.8$. However, if you didn't know that formula, but knew the sine and cosine formulas, you could stillsolve this problem by constructing a diagram using the given information.It’s a right triangle (which it has to be to use sine/cosine), and the sine of angle x is ${4}/{5}$. If $sin(x)={opposite side}/{hypotenuse}$,then the opposite side is 4 long and the hypotenuse is 5 long: Since two of the angles of the triangle are of measure $x$ and 90, the third angle must have the measure $180 °Ã¢Ë†â€™90 °Ã¢Ë†â€™x °=90 °Ã¢Ë†â€™x °$. If we know that $cosine={adjacent side}/{hypotenuse}$, then,using the figure, $cos(90 °Ã¢Ë†â€™x °)={4}/{5}$or $0.8$. SAT Math may make your brain hurt! Mistake 3: You Didn'tKnow Functions Functions are one of the trickiest topics in SAT Math.This is not because they'remore difficult than other topics, but rather students are simplyless familiar with functions than they are with other math concepts.The good news is that you'll easily master functions withpractice and familiarization. Let's work through thisSAT quadratic function question together: To figure outwhich answer choiceis the equation of the graph,you shouldstart by finding the y-intercept. Youcan see in this graph that the y-intercept is 2, which means you can eliminate C and E since C had a y-intercept of -2, and E has no y-intercept. The vertex of the graph is at $x=0$, so the function is not shifted to the right or left of the y-axis. This means that, in your quadratic equation $ax^2+bx+c$, your b value has to be 0. If it were anything other than 0, the graph would be shifted left or right of the y-axis. Let's look at the remaining answer choices, A, B, and D, to see which one had a b=0. A does so that might be the correct answer, but let's rule out B and D. Answer choices B and D are squaring expressions, so let's FOIL them in order to see the equation properly. Answer choice B gives us: $$y=(x+2)^2$$ $$y=(x+2)(x+2)$$ $$y=x^2+2x+2x+4$$ $$y=x^2+4x+4$$ This equation has b=4, not b=0, so it can't be the answer. You can also eliminate D; when foiled, it gives us: $$y=(x−2)^2$$ $$y=(x−2)(x−2)$$ $$y=x^2−4x+4, so b=-4$$ Therefore, A is the correct answer. If you're still struggling, check out our full guide to functions. Remember, you'll master functions with practice, so take as many SAT math practice tests as you can. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Mistake 4: You Panicked atan Unfamiliar Question Format SAT Math problems are often asked in strange waysthat you've never seen in math class. When confronted with these unfamiliar question formats, many students rush to move on to the next question thinking they'll come back to it, or they'll just try to guess the answer.Even though you’ve reviewed all of the math content areas and knew your stuff, you don't think you know how to answer the question. There is no easy solution to this issue.The only way to learn how to approach SAT Math questions is with practice. SAT Math questions are unlike the math questions you’re used to seeingin your math class, so to get familiar with the SAT Math question style, you should take as many practice SAT tests as you can. Let’s work through this convolutedSAT Math problem together: At first glance, this question looks overwhelming with a chart and a large paragraph. Don't let that scare you. Read carefully, and try to identify the important information as you read the question by circling or underling.Ask yourself: What am I solving for? What information am I given? How can I use this given information to find the solution? We're trying to find the probability that a right-handed student selected at random is female. We're told that there are 5 times as many right-handed females as there are left-handed females, and there are 9 times as many right-handed males as there are left-handed males. Also, we know the total number of left-handed students is 18, and the total number of right-handed students is 122. To solve this problem, you need to create a system of equations using two variables ($x$ and $y$) and the information you’re given in the question.Let $x$ be the number of left-handed female students and let $y$ be the number of left-handed male students. Using the information in the question, the number of right-handed female students will be $5x$ (since there are 5 times as many right-hand females as there are left-handed females) and the number of right-handed male students will be $9y$ (since there are 9 times as many right-hand males as there are left-handed males) . Since the total number of left-handed students is 18 and the total number of right-handed students is 122, the system of equations below must be true: $$x+y=18$$ $$5x+9y=122$$ When you solve this system of equations, you get $x=10$ and $y=8$.Thus, 50 of the 122 right-handed students are female.Therefore, the probability that a right-handed student selected at random is female is ${50}/{122}$, which to the nearest thousandth is $0.410$.The final answer is A. Don't run away from a weird question! Mistake 5: You Solved for the Wrong Value Because SAT Math questions can be convoluted, it's sometimes difficult to figure out what the question is asking you, which leads some students to solvefor the wrong value.Take for example this SAT Math question: This question throws a lot of numbers and letters at you. It gives you angle and side measures and mentions a similar triangle. Some students might accidentally solve forthe measure of the sides of DEF. Don't let the numbers and letters distract you. Make sure to identify what you're being asked: what is the valueof$sin F$? To find$sin F$, we need to start with thegiven information: Triangle ABC is a right triangle with right angle B.Therefore, AC is the hypotenuse of right triangle ABC, and AB and BC are the legs of right triangle ABC. According to the Pythagorean theorem, $$AB=√{(20^2)-(16^2)}=√{(400)-(256)}=√{144}=12$$ Since triangle DEF is similar to triangle ABC, with vertex F corresponding to vertex C, the measure of angle F equals the measure of angle C. Therefore, $sinF=sin C$, and $sinF={3}/{5}$.The final answer is ${3}/{5}$or $.6$. This problem has an easy fix: take the time to read the question fully, circle the important information, and make sure you know what you’rebeing asked before you start doing any work. I know you don’t have a lot of time on the SAT Math section (that was one of the chief complaints from the new SAT test-takers), but you need to read each question completely and make sure that you know what you’re being asked.You’ll get better at this with practice. Most SAT Math questions will have an answer choice that will seem correct if you misread the question.I know it’s rude and sneaky; the SAT is trying to tempt you to answer incorrectly.Don’t fall prey to the tricks! Read the question correctly, and you’ll be on the track to get the right answer! Mistake 6: You Used Your Calculator Incorrectly Calculators are both wonderful and horrible.You only get to use your calculator on one part of the SAT Math section, but for that part, you need to use your calculator carefully.When you’re rushing to answer SAT Math problems, you might accidentallytype the wrong number(s) into your calculator, leading you to the wrong answer. This isone of the better mistakes to make. Because if you type the wrong number(s) into your calculator, you’ll likely find no matching answer in the SAT answer choices, andyou’ll realize you made an error.However, even if you catch the error, you’ve still wasted valuable time that you could have been using to answer more SAT Math questions. Moral of the story: take the time to check that you’ve copied the numbers into your calculator correctly before running the calculation. Don't let your calculator become your enemy! Mistake 7: You Didn’t Pace Yourself With only 25 minutes to answer 20 questions in the no-calculator section and only 55 minutes to answer 30 questions in the calculator section, you need to learn to pace yourself.However, not every student should attempt the same pacing. You should plan your pacing based on your target SAT score. In both math sections, the questions progress from easy to hard and then re-set on the grid-in portion from easy to hard. No matter what your target score is, you should always attempt the easier questions: the first half of the multiple choice and grid-ins. If you're aiming for a Math section score above 700,then you're going to need to answer all or almost all of the 58 Math questions. That means you will need to get your pacing under oneminute per question for the easier questions to conserve time for the harder questions. If you're aiming for a Math section score below 700, then you can skip some questions.Focusyour time on trying to answer the easier questions correctly (the beginning questions of the multiple-choice and grid-ins).Consider bubbling in a random letterfor the harder questions since there is nopenalty for guessing. Note: if you use this strategy, make sure that you’re answering enough questions to reachyour target score.No one is perfect, so count on answering a few questions incorrectly. For example, if you’re aiming for 600 in Math, then you shouldattempt at least 45 questions before bubblingin random answers for the other 13 questions. That way, if you answer five of the 45 incorrectly, you can still get 600. Give yourself acushion. To really master yourpacing on the SAT Math section, you need to take a lot of practice tests under realistic testing conditions.For a more in-depth explanation on pacing, check out our guide to help you beat the clock and maximize your SAT math score. What’s Next? Now that you know the most common mistakes on SAT mathmake sure you’re prepared for all of the math topics you'll see on the SAT.All of our math guides will take you through strategies and practice problems for all the topics covered on the math section, from trig to radians, coordinate geometry to systems of equations and much more. Feeling anxious about test day? Make sure you know exactly what to do and bring to ease your mind and settle your nerves before it's time to take your SAT. Angling to get a perfect score? Check out our guide to getting a perfect 800, written by a perfect-scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim & Webers Contribution to Society Essay

Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim & Webers Contribution to Society - Essay Example As part of understanding how society function as a whole, this report will describe, evaluate and compare specific contribution of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber when it comes to issues related to the society. This research outlines that having a strong interest in analyzing the impact of religion to the entire society, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber are among the prominent sociologists who were known for their unique classical and seminal sociological theories between the later parts of 19th century up to the present time. Since each individual have different assumptions with regards to understanding the human nature in a society where capitalism is progressing, Marx, Durkheim and Weber had unique opinions and suggestions which all contributed in the development of sociology.  The theory of Marx with regards to analyzing the society is similar to an organism in the sense that each part of the human body performs unique function. With this in mind, Marx publicly introduced the concept of labour division within the society as a result of capitalism – a situation whereby the capitalists deal with a group of labourers for the purpose of profit gain and increase in productio n.  Unlike Durkheim and Weber, Marx provided a more valid description and reasons as to why development in the structure of capitalism created serious socio-economic problems in the modern way of living.... capitalism – a situation whereby the capitalists deal with a group of labourers for the purpose of profit gain and increase in production (Hess, Markson and Stein 1989, p. 12). Unlike Durkheim and Weber, Marx provided a more valid description and reasons as to why development in the structure of capitalism created serious socio-economic problems in the modern way of living. As explained by Marx, capitalism could only result to endless exploitation of the poor as a result of the continuous economic expansion within the modern industrial system (Morrison 1995, p. 5; Ritzer 1988, pp. 20 – 23). Marx revealed that capitalists within the society take advantage of the services rendered by the workers in exchange of limited salaries aside from preventing most of the people from being able to acquire their own property. Since the workers in general are being exploited by their employers, Marx revealed that it is not right for workers to assume that the market creates value for t heir services (Marx 2002, pp. 51 – 55). Because of the possible conflict between the labourers and the capitalists, Marx suggested the need to destroy the existing structure of capitalism in order to solve the evolving socio-economic problems in the society. In relation to the perception of Marx with regards to capitalism, Durkheim suggested the strong need for socio-economic reformation as a way to effectively solve the conflicting interests between the capitalists and the labourers (Ritzer 1988, p. 88). Because of the continuous economic development within a society, Durkheim explained the identity of each individual will gradually be destroyed because of the possibility wherein the elite and the capitalists would gain strong control in terms of manipulating the society (Giddens 1971, p. 117).

Critically evaluate the effectiveness of performance appraisal as a Essay

Critically evaluate the effectiveness of performance appraisal as a means of identifying and meeting employee development needs - Essay Example Performance appraisal therefore is very evident especially in total quality management. Quality is of higher significance especially in industries where there is a need to come up with competitive advantage. In the case of car manufacturing industry for instance, quality assurance is of high interest because the output or product offerings should be enough to convey customer’s trust and loyalty. Thus, an organisation belonging to this industry must be able to come up with performance appraisal among its employee to constantly check quality and organisational performance. This evaluation is centered to an individual’s performance and potential development (Singh et al., 2008). It is clear that employee performance appraisal is one of the bases in which the company has corresponding idea on how to determine employees’ given compensation and other privileges. However, despite the presence of performance appraisal in almost every company or organisation, there still a need to evaluate if it actually helps identify and meet employee’s development needs. Performance appraisal defined Evaluation is very important especially in the corporate world because it is a way in which corporate performance is known at a specific significance. The case of evaluating employee performance is a complex task depending on the nature of business operation. Employee is naturally under evaluation and it may be monthly, quarterly or annually depending on the organisation. The evaluation is said to be formal because it determines an employee’s career in the organisation. This evaluation is known as the performance appraisal and it actually helps the company decides of one’s career opportunity (Randhawa, 2007). It is a form of assessment in which an employee’s strengths and weaknesses are identified and observed for the purpose of enhancing, improving or commending performance for potential development (Landy and Conte, 2009; Aswathappa, 200 5). Performance appraisal is very complex because it involves specific standard that if not properly understood, it would result to a certain level of confusion and unnecessary feedbacks (Sandler and Keefe, 2003). Thus, it is important that employees must be able to understand what performance appraisal is all about and what it is for (Landy and Conte, 2009). The role of performance management Managers have important role to play when it comes to performance management process. One of the most and obvious role of performance management is to create a business environment that supports development and effective coaching for individual performance (London, 2003; Podger, 2009). With performance management, there is a considerable feedback that can become the basis of evaluation and control. The case of Investors in People is a good example because it is about business improvement and it tries to coach organisations to achieve their full potential. They target to help businesses improve their performance by knowing their priorities. There are many priorities that an organisation should focus. The Investors in People accredited organisations have significant priorities which include managing change, increasing efficiency, maximising profitability, increasing sales, improving productivity and strategic leadership. All of these priorities are eventually integrated with understanding the essential potential of company and its employees. Citing the case of AA Security Ltd, quality

Introduction to the History of western art Essay - 1

Introduction to the History of western art - Essay Example In trying to keep with the spirit of humanism, artist of the early renaissance tried as much to show a lifelike human forms with accurate proportion and realistic expressions and clothing (Johnson, 2005). For example a woman of the Renaissance, like a woman of the middle ages, were never given any political rights and were treated to be legally subject to their husbands. Women of all classes were required to perform, first and foremost, the tasks assigned to a housewife. For thousands of years women had very few economic, legal, or political rights and, in theory were expected to be submissive to their fathers or husbands (Hartt et al, 2011). Women were restricted to traditional gender roles, which forced them to remain in the domestic or private restriction of a community. Women’s roles as daughters, wives, or mothers were therefore considered their most important function in a community (Johnson, 2005). For the high class members of society, the reproductive ability of a wom an was an extremely significant determinant of inheritance and maintenance the family line (Hartt et al 2011). Through all classes of society, the social system of patriarchy evolved as the primary way to regulate women’s behavior and maintain social control (Slovely et al, 2001). Although women were often depicted in Renaissance art or literature, the cultural advancements and political developments that emerged from the Renaissance overwhelmingly neglected women (Johnson, 2005). The Renaissance brought a renewal and rebirth of intellect, culture, art, and social advancement that was seemingly only advantageous to men. Women continued to be deployed in communities only for the advantage of men, as daughters who could potentially help the family through an advantageous marriage, or as wives who took care of the home and produced children to help work on the farm or to carry on a family name (Hartt et al, 2011). The behavior of women were also an important indication of the social

Drug Addiction - Essay Essay Example for Free

Drug Addiction Essay Essay Drug addiction is a pathological or abnormal condition which arises due to frequent drug use. The disorder of addiction involves the progression of acute drug use to the development of drug-seeking behavior, the vulnerability to relapse, and the decreased, slowed ability to respond to naturally rewarding stimuli. Causes Drugs known to cause addiction include illegal drugs as well as prescription or over-the-counter drugs, according to the definition of the American Society of Addiction Medicine. †¢ Stimulants: o Amphetamine and methamphetamine o Cocaine o Nicotine †¢ Sedatives and hypnotics: o Alcohol o Barbiturates o Benzodiazepines, particularly flunitrazepam, triazolam, temazepam, and nimetazepam o Methaqualone and the related quinazolinone sedative-hypnotics †¢ Opiate and opioid analgesics o Morphine and codeine, the two naturally occurring opiate analgesics o Semi-synthetic opiates, such as heroin (diacetylmorphine), oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone o Fully synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, meperidine/pethidine, and methadone HEROIN- The German drug company Bayer named its new over the counter drug Heroin in 1895. [7] The name was derived from the German word heroisch (heroic) due to its perceived heroic effects upon a user.[7] It was chiefly developed as a morphine substitute for cough suppressants that did not have morphines addictive side-effects. Morphine at the time was a popular recreational drug, and Bayer wished to find a similar but non-addictive substitute to market.[8] However, contrary to Bayers advertising as a non-addictive morphine substitute, heroin would soon have one of the highest rates of  dependence amongst its users.[9] Diacetylmorphine is used as a recreational drug for the transcendent relaxation and intense euphoria it induces. Anthropologist Michael Agar once described heroin as the perfect whatever drug.[23] Tolerance quickly develops, and users need more of the drug to achieve the same effects. Its popularity with recreational drug users, compared to morphine, reportedly stems from its perceived different effects.[24] In particular, users report an intense rush that occurs while the diacetylmorphine is being metabolized into 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and morphine in the brain. Diacetylmorphine produces more euphoria than other opioids upon injection. One of the most common methods of illicit heroin use is via intravenous injection (colloquially termed slamming or shooting up). effects- Large doses of heroin can cause fatal respiratory depression, and the drug has been used for suicide or as a murder weapon. cost- Price The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction reports that the retail price of brown heroin varies from â‚ ¬14.5 per gram in Turkey to â‚ ¬110 per gram in Sweden, with most European countries reporting typical prices of â‚ ¬35-40 per gram. The price of white heroin is reported only by a few European countries and ranged between â‚ ¬27 and â‚ ¬110 per gram †¢ RISK- For intravenous users of heroin (and any other substance), the use of non-sterile needles and syringes and other related equipment leads to several serious risks: o the risk of contracting blood-borne pathogens such as HIV and hepatitis o the risk of contracting bacterial or fungal endocarditis and possibly venous sclerosis o abscesses †¢ Poisoning from contaminants added to cut or dilute heroin †¢ Chronic constipation †¢ Addiction and increasing tolerance †¢ Physical dependence can result from prolonged use of all opioids,  resulting in withdrawal symptoms on cessation of use †¢ Decreased kidney function (although it is not currently known if this is due to adulterants or infectious diseases)[47] CRACKHEADS GONE WILD Tony had a promising future as a professional athlete. Now he stands in front of a rundown house in Atlanta. My momma always told me, you can be anything you want, he says. This is what I brought my being down to. He holds up a pebble of crack between thumb and forefinger. This is the most important thing in my life. If I had to choose between you and the blow, Id forget you. Miami Slim, a greying black woman who has been addicted to cocaine since 1981, recalls her shame at sitting in a room with $7,000 of crack on the table and being unable to give her five-year-old son 50 cents to buy an ice cream. These are just two of the characters from Crackheads Gone Wild, an American DVD that takes the gonzo documentary genre made notorious by the 2002 video Bumfights (a series of tramp-fighting vignettes) to distressing new extremes. It presents uncensored real stories of crack addicts in Atlanta while drawing on the voyeuristic appeal and entertainment value of reality TV. Like Hollywoods upcoming action-romp Snakes on a Plane, the title alone plays on a brazen marketing nous. And it even has its own snappy logo an illustration of a zombie-like bug-eyed crackhead. The DVD has sold 60,000 copies since release in December, primarily from sales through its website, crackheadsgonewild.com. Its creator, Daryl Master Mind Smith, a 30-year-old graduate from North Carolina Central University with a degree in marketing, maintains his film is intended to raise awareness of the crack problem in American cities. But we also tried to make it entertaining, he says, otherwise no one would want to watch it and the message wouldnt get across. To this end, there is footage of a couple having sex in a park while simultaneously taking hits off their crack pipes. Smith claims he didnt solicit the footage. We just walked up on them. They didnt care. I never gave anyone more than $5 or something to eat to film them. They wanted to do it because they wanted people to know their stories. One white female addict, clearly ravaged beyond her years, makes an impassioned plea for understanding on a street corner but is undermined by a man performing a  jerky dance behind her as he takes a hit off his pipe. A woman, posting a message on the films website under the name punkin1980, says she recognised the man as the father she hadnt seen in five years. It saddend (sic) me to look at him like that. Wherever he is now, I just want him to know that punkin still and always will love him. Smith defends himself: In my mind, the exploitation was done for a good reason. What I was doing was exploiting the part of life that people choose to ignore. I just put it out there for people to see. Fuelled by mainstream rap culture and shows like MTVs Jackass, there is a burgeoning market for such films. One series of DVDs consisting of nothing more than amateur footage of street fighting is sold under the title Ghetto Brawls. Bumfights which racked up $5 million in sales worldwide, featured alcoholic vagrants who were plied with booze and encouraged to perform stunts that included having their teeth extracted with pliers. Its makers were taken to court in a civil trial in 2003 for soliciting battery and promoting illegal fights. They received small fines and probationary sentences. There seems little chance that those behind Crackheads Gone Wild will end up in the courts. Smith says he obtained release forms from everyone who appears in the video and wont use footage from those that refused. He says he knew some of the people he filmed over a period of years and watched them slowly deteriorate. Many of these people are highly intelligent. I have footage of a lady who has a masters degree in education and used to work on Capitol Hill. She got hooked on drugs and now shes homeless. The point of the movie is: do not even try crack or this is what it will reduce you to. You will not have any control over your life and you will live and die for the drug.

Materialism in Pauls Case by Willa Cather Essay -- essays research pa

In "Paul's Case," Willa Cather manages to apply the emotions, feelings, troubles, and thoughts of modern society, allowing the reader to relate to the story. By incorporating the same heavy burdens that bother and aggravate people in their daily lives, Willa explores the pain and treatment unwanted people experience. Obviously, nobody wants to feel rejection or alienation from the world, but instead they desire to encounter acceptance and agreement with the world's standards. In the story, the main character, Paul goes through excruciating transformations and lengths to try and impress the people around him. Attempting to belong in a superficial society, Paul loses a part of his identity without acknowledging it and therefore he strays from his own personality. Blinding himself from reality, Paul succumbs to the materialistic requirements of society, which contributes largely to his peculiar behavior. The style of Paul?s wardrobe determines the attitude of Paul?s personality. During the meeting with the faculty of his school, Paul displays himself as a motionless, dead character. ?His clothes were a trifle outgrown, and the tan velvet on the collar of his open overcoat was frayed and worn, but for all that there was something of a dandy about him, and he wore an opal pin in his neatly knotted black four-in-hand, and a red carnation in his buttonhole.? Paul feels that the clothes he wears symbolizes his status in life and only the nice, fancy clothes seem to please him. When he reachers the theater at Carnegie Hall, the glow and warmth returns to Paul?s face and attitude. ?...Paul th[inks] it very becoming though he kn[ows] the tight, straight coat accentuate[s] his narrow chest, about which he was exceedingly sensitive... ...e[s]. Then, because the picture-making mechanism [is] crush[ing], the disturbing visions flash[ing] into black, and Paul drop[s] back into the immense design of things.? When Paul jumps in front of the train, he thinks it will take away his problems and help him escape the horrendous world forever. In Willa Cather's story "Paul's Case", the character Paul embodies how the desire of materialism can affect the mind and soul of human being. Paul, a very self-oriented and introverted boy designs and calculates his every move to prevent people from discovering the real him. Despising his life at Cordelia Street, Paul throws himself into the plot of obtaining money, wealth, and power. This ruins Paul?s life and distracts him from truly enjoying his youth and independence. The story presents that even riches, wealth, power cannot buy one?s happiness or sanity.

Review/critical thinking Essay

1. Syncopation is placing emphasis or accents on beats that are unexpected, or not having emphasis or accents on beats that are expected too. Syncopated rhythms add variety to music. 2. Ragtime is a musical genre, it combined march music with African rhymths. The instruments used in the bands using ragtime would become the instruments used to create jazz which is how the two were related. 3. Buddy Bolden helped create Classic Jazz. Bolden led a band in New Orleans from about 1895 to 1906, its hard to tell what their music was like because there’s norecordings only stories. 4. Bebop had faster rhythms and more complex harmonies. The music also has more frequent chord changes, often after only a beat or two, and greater dissonance. 5. Hot jazz is a form of jazz with a lot of improvisation. One of the differences between classic jazz and hot jazz is that with hot jazz, multiple musicians engage in improvisation at the same time, whereas in classic jazz, improvisation was typically limited to one instrument at a time. Critical Thinking Questions 1. They’re a lot of similarities and diffrences when it comes to jazz and classical music,they’re similar because Jazz is referred to america’s classical music, and jazz was often influenced by classical music. A lot of composers were good at improvising and jazz musicians are sort of know for their improvising. Both classical and jazz music use basic forms and structures. Differences: the tone of the music and the instruments and performances of the music. 2. Characteristics of Jazz: different, unique, many subtypes, ragtime, big bands amd little bands, syncopation, off-beat rhythm and improvisation. 3. A lot of people call Jazz â€Å"America’s calssical music† I think they say that because classical music developed more in Europe and Jazz is very relative to classical music but it developed in the United States so if thats why they call it that then I agree. 4. Ella Fitzgerald (â€Å"First Lady of Song†) Shes an icon and one of the best scat singers in the history of jazz. She won thirteen Grammy awards, including Lifetime Achievement award in 1967, and her records sold over forty million copies. Her contribution was just her greatness. 5. Improvisation is the act of creating music in the moment. Its found in many of the subgenres of jazz, some forms of jazz are based on it (Hot jazz. )

Developmental Psychology and Age Range

Criteria Grading Criteria Guidance E1 Describe the development of children in a selected age range and in TWO (2) Choose ONE (1) age range and TWO (2) areas of development. Describe how areas of development children usually develop in this age range. E2 Describe the development of children in a selected age range, different Choose a different age range and describe how children usually develop in from E1 and in TWO (2) areas of development this age range in the same TWO (2) chosen areas of development as in E1.E3 Explain TWO (2) theoretical perspectives relevant to the areas of Show how TWO (2) different theoretical perspectives link to the chosen areas development of development described in E1 and E2. E4 Include THREE (3) observations as appendices Carry out THREE (3) observations of the same child in ONE (1) of the age ranges chosen for E1 or E2. If, eg the chosen area of development is physical development, the 3 observations could be on fine motor skills, gross motor skills, bal ance and co-ordination.If communication and language development is chosen, the 3 observations could be on listening, speaking and reading and writing. Include these observations in an appendix to the assignment. E5 Identify and use THREE (3) different observation techniques Name and use THREE (3) different observation techniques for the observations in E4, eg Written narrative, free description, checklist etc. E6 Explain how to maintain confidentiality throughout the observation Give clear details about how to keep the identity of the child, the setting and the information gathered by the observations confidential.E7 Show an understanding of diversity and inclusive practice A clear understanding of diversity and inclusive practice should be shown. Evidence should be included within the assignment to show that you recognise and value difference and plan to meet the individual needs of children and their families. E8 Include references and a bibliography At least TWO (2) references m ust be made in the text to relevant books, articles, magazines or websites. These are sources of information and the sources used should be listed at the end of the assignment in a bibliography.Sources of background reading can also be included in the bibliography. For more information, see Finding the Level. Criteria Grading Criteria Guidance D1 Discuss the child's needs in relation to the selected area of development Use the observations in E4 to identify the individual needs of the observed child in that chosen area of development. When identifying needs, consider developmental norms, the age/stage of the child, the individual circumstances, eg The observations show that Child X is not yet confident about climbing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. This may be because†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.D2 Explain how the observations can be used to support planning to meet the Using the observations in E4, give examples of ways the observations provide child's needs information and evidence to support planning. This may include: evaluation of evidence, making individual, short term and long term plans, identifying a child's preferences, partnership with parents, and practical ideas for activities to promote development, eg a visit to the park would provide lots of space for Child X to run, climb and use the equipment which would help her to develop gross motor skills and confidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.C1 Analyse the issues which are essential to confidentiality and objective A development of E6. A detailed consideration of confidentiality and objective observation observation. This may include such issues as: sharing information, safe storage of information, working with parents, legal requirements, policies and procedures, personal attitudes and values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. B1 Reflect on the implications for practice of the assessment of children Think about how assessment of children through observation may require the through observation practitioner to consider their practice.Your response may include: iss ues of reliability and validity, appropriate observation techniques, implications for planning, legal requirements and working with parents and other professionals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A Evaluate the influence of theoretical perspectives on aspects of practice Make a detailed consideration from more than one perspective of some of the which affect the development of children principal theories in relation to child development and show clear understanding of how these have informed and influenced current practice which affects the development of children.